Re barekisi ba lefats'e bakeng sa litlolo, lijo le mechini ea tlhahiso ea meriana ka lilemo tse fetang 20. Haholo-holo bakeng sa ho etsa li-mixer, ho na le liphihlelo tsa hau tse ruileng, theknoloji e tsoetseng pele e seng e ntse e e-na le feme e fumanehang profinseng ea Jiangsu.
Bakeng sa ho etsa li-mixer, e ka etsoa ho latela tlhoko. Kaha mochine ke vacuum ea boikhethelo, ho kopanya, ho futhumatsa, homogenizer ho ea bakeng sa emulsion, joalo-joalo. Kahoo mochini o tla etsoa ho latela mokhoa o ikhethileng oa sehlahisoa.
Re sebelisa li-cookies ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba hau. Ka ho tsoela pele ho sheba sebaka sena sa marang-rang, o lumellana le ts'ebeliso ea rona ea li-cookies. Lintlha tse ling.
Ho ea ka molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo ha lia tsitsa ka tlhaho hobane lihlahisoa tsena ke motsoako oa lintho tse peli kapa ho feta tse sa kopaneng. Ho netefatsa bophelo ba sethala, lihlahisoa tsena li tlameha ho tlatsetsoa ka li-stabilizer tse nepahetseng. Ka tloaelo, li-ionic kapa li-nonionic surfactants li eketsoa e le li-emulsifiers.
Ho lumeloa hore li-amphiphiles tse tlaase joalo li etsa hore litlolo li se ke tsa lumellana le letlalo. Ka hona, indasteri ea litlolo e batla litlolo tse sa sebeliseng litlolo tse ka nkang sebaka sa litlolo tsa setso. Ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse tsitsitseng le tse khahlehang ka ho lekaneng, mekhoa e meng e tšepisang ka ho fetisisa e kenyelletsa li-emulsifiers tsa polymer kapa likaroloana tse tiileng e le li-stabilizers.
Ntle le ho sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso, li-emulsion li ka tsitsisoa ka ho sebelisa li-macromolecule tse loketseng ho e-na le li-surfactants tse tlaase tsa boima ba limolek'hule. Hangata botsitso ba emulsion bo ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsa li-polymers ho teteaneng le ho eketsa chai ea mohato o tsoelang pele.
Leha ho le joalo, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, li-polymers tsa surfactant tse kang hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kapa carbomer 1342 li ka sebelisoa e le emulsifier ea mantlha. Li-polymers tsena li theha lifilimi tse hlophisitsoeng tse kopaneng tse thibelang ka katleho ho kopana ha marotholi a oli. Tabeng ena, phello e tsitsitseng ea ho eketsa viscosity ea karolo e ka ntle ha e na thuso.
Likhopolo tse joalo tsa tlhahiso hangata li bitsoa hydrolipid dispersions kapa li-gel tse nang le metsi a mangata, tse loketseng lihlahisoa tse sireletsang letsatsi 'me ka hona li tsejoa e le "li-emulsifier-free" formulations. Ho latela pono ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale sena ha sea nepahala. (Ho ea ka International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, thepa ea emulsifier e hlalosoa ka tsela e latelang: Emulsifier is a surfactant. E fokotsa tsitsipano ea sefahleho ea motsoako oa motsoako 'me kahoo e na le phello e ntle ho adsorption ho A little amount of emulsifier e ka khothaletsa sebopeho sa li-emulsion kapa tsa eketsa botsitso ba tsona ka ho fokotsa sekhahla se le seng kapa ka bobeli ba ho kopanya le ho kopanya.)
Se khethollang lihlahisoa tsena ho tloha ho li-emulsion tse tsitsitsoeng ke li-emulsifiers tsa "tloaelo" ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho baka ho teneha: li-polymer emulsifiers li na le boima bo phahameng ba molek'hule 'me ka hona li ke ke tsa kenella ka har'a stratum corneum. Ka hona, litšebelisano tse mpe tse kang Majorca Acne ha lia lebelloa. Ke ka lebaka leo li bitsoang "emulsifier-free". Letlapa la 1 le bontša mehlala e meng ea khale.
Acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer e ne e sebelisoa e le emulsifier ea polymer ho Foromo ea A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose le polyacrylic acid e ne e sebelisoa e le co-stabilizers. acrylic copolymer ke polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 e fetotsoeng ka C10-30 alkyl acrylate 'me e hokahane le allyl pentaerythritol.
The lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety e laoloa ke hydrophilic acrylic moiety. Macromolecule e hlahisoang e na le boima ba molek'hule ea 4 x 109. Boitsebiso ha bo qhibilihe, empa ha bo se na lehlakore ka setsi se loketseng bo atoloha ho fihlela makhetlo a 1000.
Li-emulsifiers tsa Carbomer polymer li theha lera le letenya le sireletsang le pota-potileng lerotholi le leng le le leng la oli sebakeng se tlase sa metsi a electrolyte, ka liketane tsa hydrophobic alkyl tse tšehelitsoeng mohatong oa oli. Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa li-emulsifiers tsa polymer tsa 0.1% ho isa ho 0.3% feela li hlokahala ho etsa emulsify ho fihla ho 20% ea oli.
Haeba lotion e kopana le letlalo le nang le electrolyte, e fetoha e sa tsitsang hobane lera la gel le sireletsang le ruruha hang-hang. Ka mor'a ho tlosa karolo ea oli, filimi e tšesaane ea oli e sala letlalong. Ts'ebetso ena e etsa hore ho be bonolo ho etsa lihlahisoa tse sireletsang letsatsi hore, ho sa tsotellehe thepa ea tsona ea hydrophilic, e thibelang metsi nakong ea tšebeliso.
Li-emulsions tse tsitsitseng ka acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymers li ka lokisoa ka mekhoa e tobileng kapa e sa tobang (bona Letlapa la 2).
Letlapa la 2 Morero oa ho lokisa li-gel tse hasantsoeng ka metsi li sebelisa li-emulsifiers tsa polymer ka tsela e sa tobang kapa ka kotloloho.
Ho thibela ho senyeha ha mechine ea li-emulsifiers tse phahameng tsa limolek'hule tsa polymer, li-homogenizers tse phahameng li lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko kaha sena se ka fokotsa botsitso ba emulsion. Ka tloaelo, bophara ba marotholi a tloaelehileng a lihlopha tse joalo ke 20-50 μm. Empa sena ha se na phello e mpe ho botsitso ba 'mele.
Haeba litsamaiso tse qhalakantsoeng hantle (1-5 microns) li khethiloe molemong oa botle, ho kgothaletswa ho eketsa amphiphilic co-emulsifier, mohlala sorbitan monooleate. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e joalo e ke ke ea bitsoa "emulsifier-free".
Leha Formulation B (sheba tlase ho Letlapa la 1) e boetse e le mofuta oa hydrolipid dispersion, e sebelisa feela hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) joalo ka polymer emulsifier.
Liqapi tse sebelisang HPMC e le emulsifier ea polymer ha li sebetse hantle mabapi le li-electrolyte ha li bapisoa le li-dispersions tsa metsi-lipid tse sebelisang polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Ka hona, li-emulsion tsa oli / metsi tseo ho tsona ho sebelisoang tharollo ea saline ea karolo e ka ntle 'me e lula e tsitsitse nakong ea polokelo.
Ka lebaka la khatello ea mochine ha e sebelisoa letlalong, lotion e ka 'na ea senyeha ka mokhoa o itseng' me ea etsa filimi e tšesaane e mafura letlalong, e leng ho fokotsang metsi a letlalo. Ka mor'a hore metsi a fetohe mouoane, karolo ea lotion e sala letlalong, e etsa filimi e feto-fetohang eo marotholi a oli a tsitsitseng ka matrix a polymer.
Li-emulsion tse tsitsitseng tsa HPMC li lokiselitsoe ho sebelisa rotor-stator homogenizer e kang Ultra Turrax®. Homogenizer e hlahisa marotholi a manyane a 2-5 µm ka boholo. Matla a matla a matla a tsoang ho ultrasonic kapa khatello e phahameng ea homogenization e ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa li-nanoemulsions ka bophara ba 100-500 nm.
Nanoemulsions e tsitsitsoeng ke HPMC e ka sebetsoa ka mokhoa o batang ho tloha karolong ea lipid ea metsi. Ho fumana emulsion e tala, karolo ea oli ea mokelikeli le tharollo ea aqueous polymer e kopantsoe mocheso oa kamore. The pre-emulsion e fetisoa ka homogenizer e phahameng ea khatello ho 20-90 MPa ka makhetlo a 'maloa ho fumana nanoemulsion ea ho qetela.
Leha ho ka etsahala ka botekgeniki ho eketsa khatello ho feta tekanyo e nepahetseng ntle le mathata, hangata sena se fella ka boholo ba marotholi a maholo mme ha se fihlelle phallo e phahameng e lakatsehang. Ketsahalo ena e bitsoa overprocessing 'me ke tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea emulsion e tsitsitseng ea polymer.
Ntho e 'ngoe e ikhethang ea li-emulsion tse tsitsitseng ke HPMC ke hore li ka etsoa sterilized ka har'a autoclave ntle le ho senyeha ho hoholo ha boleng ba tsona. Sena ke hobane li bonts'a phetoho ea sol-gel e thermoreversible. Lithempereichareng tse ka holimo ho 60 °C, karolo e ka ntle e teteaneng 'me e thibela ho tsamaea ha marotholi a oli a qhalakaneng.
Marotholi a ke ke a thulana 'me tekanyo ea ho kopanya e batla e sa tsotellehe. Ka hona, baetsi ba lihlahisoa ba ka etsa li-emulsion tsa oli ka metsing ntle le li-preservatives haeba ho sebelisoa sephutheloana se hanyetsanang le ho silafatsoa hape.
Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, li-emulsions le tsona li ka tsitsisoa feela ka phello ea viscosity optimization ea ho eketsa li-polymers tse kang carbomers (polyacrylic acid). Mefuta ena e bitsoa "quasi" emulsions hobane phello ea botsitso ea polymer ha e kenyelle ts'ebetso ea sefahleho. Lihlahisoa tse loketseng tsa khoebo, tse atisang ho bitsoa "balms", hangata li na le li-lipids tse nyenyane tse qhalakantsoeng ka hydrogel.
Phallo e ntle ea lipids e tiisa botsitso ba 'mele le bophelo bo lekaneng ba sethala. Tekanyo ena le khatello ea lihlahisoa tsa karolo e ka ntle li fokotsa phallo ea marotholi, ka hona li hatella ka katleho emulsification le coalescence ea marotholi a oli.
Re buile le Moprofesa Hongxia Wang oa Univesithi ea Queensland ea Theknoloji mabapi le morero o mocha o nang le tšepo ea ho sebelisa graphene le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa carbon tse theko e tlaase ho hlahisa lisele tsa letsatsi tsa perovskite tse sebetsang ka mokhoa o tlaase oa theko e tlaase.
Puisanong ena, AzoNano e bua le baprofesa Moti Segev le Vladimir Shalaev, ba entseng lintho tse makatsang ka likristale tsa nako ea photonic tse phephetsang lipatlisiso le likhopolo tse teng.
Puisanong ena, re tšohla mokhoa o mocha oa pono e ntlafalitsoeng ea Raman spectroscopy e sebelisang li-nanopockets ho tšoasa limolek'hule tse shebiloeng, e leng se nolofalletsang ho lemoha lits'ebetso tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Lik'hamera tsa ClearView scintillation li eketsa bokhoni ba routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Mokhoa o phahameng oa ho nahana ka co-localization le in situ nanoindentation o sebelisa Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Ithute ka Phe-nx's NANOS, SEM ea benchtop ea tlhahlobo e etsang tlhahlobo ea mantlha e potlakileng mme e bonolo ho e kenya le ho e sebelisa.
Nako ea poso: Nov-23-2023